final research

1.What is 2D Animation

2D animation is the traditional animation method that has existed since the late 1800s. It is one drawing followed by another in a slightly different pose, followed by another in a slightly different pose, on and on for 24 frames a second. The creation of moving pictures in a two-dimensional environment, such as through "traditional"  animation or in computerized animation software. This is done by sequencing consecutive images, or "frames", that simulate motion by each image showing the next in a gradual progression of steps. The eye can be "fooled" into perceiving motion when these consecutive images are shown at a rate of 24 frames per second or faster. Traditionally these were put together in an amazing process where artists drew pencil drawings of every frame of film, then these images were painted onto clear plastic sheets called ‘cels’, and each of the thousands of handrawn and painted cels were photographed one at a time over a hand painted background image and those thousands of images compiled to run as film at 24 frames a second. Today most 2D animation involves using computer software to one degree or another, from just digitally coloring the cels to be photographed in the traditional method, to doing every single element in the computer.

The picture shows 2D animation process

3D Animation : The creation of moving pictures in a three-dimensional digital environment. This is done by sequencing consecutive images, or "frames", that simulate motion by each image showing the next in a gradual progression of steps, filmed by a virtual "camera" and then output to video by a rendering engine. The eye can be "fooled" into perceiving motion when these consecutive images are shown at a rate of 24 frames per second or faster.

2.Character Animation

The art of making an animated figure move like a unique individual; sometimes described as acting through drawings. The animator must "understand how the character's personality and body structure will be reflected in its movements.   

Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Snow White, The Little Mermaid these are 2D animated characters.

3.Evaluation of 2D Animation

Advantages personal style of art can vary more then an anime can. Humor is incorporated more in this. It's also easier to draw, color, and animate. Easier for traditional animators, Simple gestures convey emotion, Art form refined for 80 years.

  Time Consuming

Animators draw individual frames for each scene. The large numbers of drawings and the photography time required in completing a production consumes schedules and can result in delays. Reliance of a large crew of animators makes it difficult to speed up production as each animator works at a different speed. Traditional animation takes more time compared to computer animation, which uses animation software to speed up the process.

  Correcting Mistakes

A mistake in traditional animation requires you to repeat the whole drawing instead of deleting and correcting a mistake. The repetition of work can become tiresome and time consuming. Artistic corrections for quality animations are costly, as they demand repetition of an entire task. Repetition of tasks to correct mistakes involves a large crew incurring the production more costs.

  Costs

Traditional animation requires a numbers of tools and equipment per production. They include drawing tools, tracing tools, and photographic equipment. It also requires a large crew to draw the characters, draw backgrounds and shoot photos of the final images.

  Lack of a Market

Traditional animation requires the use of a wide range of special artistic tools. Large rooms are required for the entire process, from drawing, tracing to photography, and finally filming. The size of traditional equipment like the rostrum camera demands a lot of space. Production requires large spaces for working and storage. Computer animation relies on software and a number of computer processors to speed up the process.

4. How Animation Works

The Basics

2D drawn animation consists of a series of drawings shot one after another and played

back to give the illusion of movement. This animation can be played back in a number

of ways.

● In the form of a ‘flipbook’ (basically a pile of drawings in sequence, bound together and

flipped with the thumb).

● The drawings could be shot on film one drawing at a time with a movie camera and

played back using a cinema projector.

● They could be shot on a video camera and played back with a video player.

● They could be shot with a video camera attached to a computer and played back on the

same computer using an animation program.

● Or they can be scanned into the computer and played back.

Although the flat look of the 2D animations could be an intention of the artist, cel animators experience great difficulties in generating hundreds of thousands drawings with 3D appearance. Although computer assistance for traditional animation is gaining a lot of attention in recent years, the 2D shading problem is far from being completely solved. The goal is still to require minimal user intervention and do not limit the animator’s creative process. Image based methods seem to be a good road to achieve this goal. The present paper presents a method that is the only one in the literature that is genuinely an image-based method, because it works directly from the 2D image and requires no transformation to vectorial space. Animators do not like vectorization because drawing lines are usually modified during this process.